Which security principle involves monitoring, alerting, and auditing actions and changes in real-time?

The principle that involves monitoring, alerting, and auditing actions and changes in real time is indeed traceability. Enable traceability focuses on having an ongoing record of all actions taken within a system, which is crucial for accountability and transparency in managing changes and activities. By enabling traceability, organizations can ensure that they have a comprehensive log of user activities, configurations, and important metrics, facilitating quick response to unauthorized access or alterations.

This principle supports various security operations such as compliance auditing, security incident investigations, and operational efficiency. Real-time monitoring allows for immediate detection of anomalies or suspicious activities, enabling rapid incident response. Therefore, enabling traceability is essential for maintaining a secure environment in cloud services like AWS.

While incident response, access control, and data security are also vital components of a robust security strategy, they do not specifically focus on real-time monitoring and auditing like traceability does. Incident response is more about responding to security incidents when they occur, access control pertains to restricting access to resources, and data security involves protecting data from unauthorized access or corruption, which do not directly entail the monitoring aspect that traceability encompasses.